セイカツ ノ ジリツ ALS-D プロジェクト ノ ジッセン ヨリ

第2 部 コミュニケーションデザイン論集論文・実践報

ゲンバリョク ケンキュウ ジュツゴシュウ ダイ2ホウ

第2 部 コミュニケーションデザイン論集研究ノー

ゲンバリョク ケンキュウ ジュツゴシュウ ダイ3ホウ

第2 部 コミュニケーションデザイン論集研究ノー

The Potential of Collaborative Learning: From the Perspective of Intercultural Education

本研究は、実社会と見立てた教室において異文化理解能力を身につけることができるか、すなわち、ピア・ラーニングという協働学習によって効果的な異文化間教育が行えるかについて考察したものである。2014年度前期に都内の大学で行われた上級読解の授業におけるピア・ラーニングでのやりとりを異文化接触場面でのやりとりとし、そこでとられた学習者の態度や語られた心境について記述し分析した。その結果、他者を認める姿勢、他者の立場への寄り添い、自己変容の受け入れ、「自分の見方が唯一の見方」という思考からの脱出、情況の客観視、といった、異文化理解で求められる態度・姿勢が観察された。さらには、当初人前での意見表明を躊躇していた学習者が、「異なりを受け入れてもらえる」との安心感から自らの意見表明ができるようになるなど、ピア・ラーニングを通じて、語学学習を超越した大きな学びを体験できたことが認められた。異なる文化背景を持つ学習者同士の教室内での意識的な接触により、異文化間教育が促進されることが示唆された

11C-Methionine positron emission tomography may monitor the activity of encephalitis

Encephalitis is generally diagnosed by clinical symptoms, cerebrospinal fluid examination, and imaging studies including CT, MR imaging and perfusion single photon emission tomography (SPECT). However, the role of positron emission tomography (PET) in diagnosis of encephalitis remains unclear. A 49-year-old woman presenting with coma and elevated inflammatory reaction was diagnosed as having encephalitis according to slow activity on electroencephalogram, broad cortical lesion in MR fluid attenuated inversion recovery image, and increased blood flow demonstrated by SPECT. PET revealed increased accumulation of 11C-methionine (MET) in the affected brain tissues. After the symptom had improved two months later, the accumulation of MET as well as the abnormal findings of MR imaging and SPECT was normalized. This case indicated that MET PET may monitor the activity of encephalitis

Regional partition coefficient of water in patients with cerebrovascular disease and its effect on rCBF assessment

Objective: Cerebral blood flow (CBF) estimation with C15O2 PET usually assumes a single tissue compartment model and a fixed brain-blood partition coefficient of water. However, the partition coefficient may change in pathological conditions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of partition coefficient of water in pathological regions and its effect on regional CBF assessment. Methods: Study protocol included 22 patients with occlusive cerebrovascular disease to compare partition coefficients among 3 regions (infarction, non-infarct hypoperfusion, and contralateral) in the pathologic brain (analysis A), and to compare CBF estimated using fixed partition coefficient (CBF fixed) and CBF estimated using floating partition coefficients (CBF float)(analysis B). Results: Partition coefficient in the infarction (0.55 ± 0.07 ml/g) was lower than that in contralateral normal cortex (0.68 ± 0.05 ml/g), whereas non-infarct hypoperfusion did not show a significant change (0.67 ± 0.06 ml/g). As a result, use of a fixed partition coefficient of normal volunteers (0.70 ml/g) resulted in an underestimation in rCBF by 12% in infarction area (P<0.05), while estimation errors were smaller and induced no significant difference in non-infarct hypoperfusion area or in contralateral areas. Conclusions: Partition coefficient is stable except for the infarction, and CBF estimation using a fixed partition coefficient of normal volunteers provides clinically appreciable information in patients with cerebrovascular disease